Cooperatives have a rich tradition in Poland and are an important part of the economic landscape. Cooperatives bring members together to conduct joint economic activities in their interest. The liquidation of primary-level cooperatives is regulated by the current Act of 16 September 1982 – Cooperative Law. The aim of this article is to analyse this institution, with particular emphasis on the legal basis, the liquidation process and the role of the bodies involved in this process. The author argues that the legal regulation of the liquidation of cooperatives contained in the Cooperative Law, despite its formal detail, does not meet the requirements of modern economic security due to fundamental shortcomings in determining the date of commencement of liquidation, qualification requirements for liquidators and the status of cooperative bodies in the course of liquidation proceedings. These legal gaps lead to interpretative uncertainty, threats to creditors' rights and the ineffectiveness of liquidation procedures, which requires a comprehensive amendment of the regulations in line with the regulations concerning capital companies.